Thanks, everyone. Your answers were incredibly helpful. I've spent the last few hours looking at grad program requirements, deadlines, funding, etc. So my brain is a bit fried.
I personally feel like I need to take a few classes so I can get current LORs and get my brain back in critical thinking mode. I'm sure I may have to prepare for 'career student' and, possibly, age bias. I'm basically someone who should have pursued the academic route out of undergrad as my director suggested, but for a variety of reasons I did not. However, I've led a very interesting life since undergrad (living abroad, traveling internationally for work, raising a child, etc.), so I'll try to emphasize that in my SOP or personal statement. I agree with Wyatt's Torch. I think I have to address my time out of school.
I'm interested in Ethnic Literature, specifically African-American lit. My BA is from an HBCU (Historically Black College/University), and my senior thesis was on Toni Morrison (which was actually published in a teeny-tiny scholarly journal). So I'm not a totally 'left-field' candidate.
My state university's flagship school allows non-degree seeking students to take graduate classes. That could be an option and potentially a way into either their MA and/or PhD programs. I'd have to do some more digging to see if I can get into a class this fall, but I doubt if I'll be able to get in until winter or spring. And, of course, application deadlines are in December/January. But I'm fairly certain I can take upper-level undergrad classes online this fall at another state school (no grad program in English). I might be able to use my undergrad thesis as my writing sample, but it's so old, I'm tempted to just write something fresh.
Yes, receiving funding would be ideal but if worse comes to worse, I have a gainfully employed spouse who is willing to support me for a bit.
I feel like getting all of this done in 3-4 months might be doable, but will take an insane amount of work with no guarantee that I won't be doing it all over again next year. But I hate the idea of wasting more time before I start a program. I really would like to get going. So going straight into a PhD program would be perfect.