xypathos

I can more or less also vouch for what @ם but my interview was in 2017 so things could've changed by then. Four were invited to campus with another 1-2* that were interviewed but not invited (backups). All of the initial acceptances came from those invited but a number of them declined to enroll.
*Some subfields didn't identify backups and instead opted to run short, or have no incoming students, because they didn't like their slate of candidates.

What degree are you eyeing at Vandy? Their acceptance rate for the M.Div is really high. A 3.1 isn't that bad, I attended Vandy with classmates with much worse GPAs from online diploma mills. If you're also Latinx it might be open you up to some diversity scholarships. VDS, and Nashville, is extremely expensive and even 50% funding is quite rare.
I think you'll equally be competitive at Iliff and Candler. Yale is hard to pin down since GPA matters more but I'd say you have a 33% shot at worst.

This is school dependent. Generally, no it doesn't need to be a direct fit as far as paper = field, BUT! it needs to showcase skills that are relevant for your field. So, if you're wanting to propose something language intensive, you'd better show skills there. There's no harm in writing a new paper if you have the energy to do it, but you need a trusted mentor(s) to provide feedback. Ideally, your paper is at least tangentially related even it's a little bit of a creative stretch.
Most of your programs are going to expect MAR/MTS applicants to submit three academic references but might not require it. That said, don't submit a lukewarm recommendation to hit this. Check what the schools want. Generally you'll only have detailed requirements for M.Div. If your three best are two academic, and one professional - go with that, unless a school says it must be three academic.
 
You can find more about the MTS application here - https://divinity.duke.edu/admissions/how-apply#mts. Its been well over a decade since I applied to Duke but I think the personal statement is what they used to show that commitment. 

Are you using Anglican in the sense that a Canadian or someone from the UK would? (I doubt it but I want to check).
It depends on what your goals are.
If you're Anglican but not pursuing ordination, just about every mainline seminary and divinity school will have an Anglican/Episcopalian on staff, probably many of them.
If you're Anglican in the sense of ACNA and want a classical but conservative education: some non-Jesuit Catholic schools if more high church. If more evangelical, there's a number of Methodist and Lutheran schools. Perhaps Catholic schools like SLU and Marq, too.
You can get a solid classical education at places like Yale and Chicago, but it will be a bumpy ride if your conservative boots are dragging in the mud. 

Are you using Anglican in the sense that a Canadian or someone from the UK would? (I doubt it but I want to check).
It depends on what your goals are.
If you're Anglican but not pursuing ordination, just about every mainline seminary and divinity school will have an Anglican/Episcopalian on staff, probably many of them.
If you're Anglican in the sense of ACNA and want a classical but conservative education: some non-Jesuit Catholic schools if more high church. If more evangelical, there's a number of Methodist and Lutheran schools. Perhaps Catholic schools like SLU and Marq, too.
You can get a solid classical education at places like Yale and Chicago, but it will be a bumpy ride if your conservative boots are dragging in the mud. 

If you go to seminary/divinity school and your faith isn't rattled, you did it wrong. That said, if your faith is destroyed, that's a different thing, though maybe not bad - context matters. Part of school, living, and just being a human being is that you grow and change. Yes, seminary made me stop and think more about things like the Nicene Creed, but I think that's a good thing. It also helped me understand that I valued some things more than others, which is also good.
Vandy was good about shaking up people's faiths and challenging them to think bigger and better. That said, they were really bad with the rebuilding that came afterward. In fact, the dean at the time was even emphatic in saying that's not their job. I did hate that part of VDS while there and I disagreed with it. I disagree with it a little less, because I better recognize that rebuilding is 1) personal work I need to do, 2) takes time, and 3) sometimes it must be a different community than the one that inflicted the trauma.
That's part of the tension between seminary/divinity schools and religious studies in general. The classroom (and student-teacher relationships) have the capacity for beautiful life-building but also profound trauma. If you're going to be a teacher within this field, part of you needs to be pastoral. You certainly don't need to be confessional, you could very easily be atheistic and an amazing teacher, but you have to carry the weight well that your words and how you use them can kill someone's soul.

Many of my Vandy classmates that got an M.Div went into non-profits, teaching (private secondary schools), and quite a few got into political work - volunteered on campaigns and ended up working for Senators, Reps., and/or Governors.
There are chaplaincy options, but I'm not sure where you're drawing the line at pastoral work.

It's an uphill climb, but it's a climb for anyone. Age will be a factor, though they'll beat around the bush with their questions.
Also - it's field and school dependent. Your top schools rarely take anyone older than 30. Your state schools, like Indiana and Iowa, are much more flexible.
If you're thinking a PhD in a more "practical" field to church work like liturgy or homiletics, these students are often older. Maybe not late 50s from my anecdotal experience, but I've certainly seen mid-to-late 40s.
This is also another reason why three year European PhD/DPhil route is popular among older students. Funding is an issue then.
I think a former Episcopal bishop of Washington (maybe Oregon?) was 45 or so when he started a PhD in Theology at Notre Dame. Granted, he wasn't the bishop then.

As a newer episcopal priest myself, here's some things to think over:
1) Ultimately it's going to come down to your bishop. There are minimum guidelines/objectives that all bishops must follow but they have significant freedom in how they meet these guidelines/objectives. Some dioceses have internal formation teams where you study under a priest(s) and fill in holes in your preparation. Some bishops will take your MA/MTS and just send you to do an Anglican year. Some take you as you are and limit your ministry. Some won't ordain you unless you have a M.Div, no ifs, ands, or buts! Unfortunately it's inconsistent and will depend on their and the COM's mood.
Getting through the bishop is, IMO, the easy part. Getting through your PDC (Parish Discernment Committee) and the COM (Commission on Ministry) is the struggle because you're bound to have at least 1-2 people in each group who are stuck in the 1950s model of ministry and worldview. These people will create busy work and throw shit tasks at you just to see if you'll play their game. Just take a deep breath, remind yourself that this process isn't a reflection on/of you, and cross their tasks off. Thank them, pump up their ego when needed to keep them quasi on your side, and move on. Fighting them isn't the hill you want to die on.
2) Decide which of these two options is the most important: PhD or ordination. Do that thing and focus your energies on it. Do the second one as you can. Either of these will be difficult part-time, certainly more so getting a PhD. If you get your PhD at a seminary or divinity school it'll likely put you around episcopal academics and/or priests.
3) You can take the usual Anglican courses that would constitute an Anglican year (history, ethics, theology, liturgy, etc) for personal growth if you want. If the school accepts you to take the course, that's all that matters. You don't need the bishop's permission to take a class. DO NOT though ever frame your conversation with the PDC, COM, or bishop as you taking these courses because you want to be a priest and decided to get a head start. They'll take that as you having already decided rather than discerning. The standard model in TEC (The Episcopal Church) is that you go through a year long discernment process and if they, and you, discern a call to seminary, you sit down with your bishop and they give you a list of schools that they're willing to let you attend. You visit and apply to those and then both parties make a final decision. If you deviate from that it only creates hurdles for you to jump over.
Your next step is to sit down with the priest of your church and tell them that you're discerning a call to ordination. The standard is that you need to be a member in good standing and an active member of the congregation for one year before you can have this conversation. Most bishops will not deviate from this. I have heard of some making slight compromises like being a member and active for six months but then the PDC must meet for six months too. I also have known of seminarians who were about to graduate and their bishop "dropped" them for whatever reason. In those cases you go "Bishop Shopping" to find one to adopt/buy you. Your situation doesn't seem likely to fall into this kind of situation. You'll definitely be told to find a church, be active for a year, then talk about discernment.

Same sentiments as @bigsh, largely.
ThM are often treated as a cash cow for a university but if you go to one that you did your MDiv or one that has an established reputation as being a feeder school, it could work. They often have later deadlines because of the very situation you've found yourself - getting shutout from every school and now needing a Plan B.
That said, ThMs have a hit or miss reputation on these forums. If you have a particular area that you know you want to focus on (moral theology) and enough material to have an inkling of an idea for a thesis, great! If you still don't know and want to spend time poking around, avoid a ThM at all costs.
There hasn't been a lot of discussion here on ThMs and funding so I can't help much there. So while places like Yale, Duke, etc tend to offer some funding, I don't know if any routinely offer all/mostly funded post-MDiv routes. Maybe others will be able to chime in there and suggest programs!

So I know Thomas Worcester personally. He's a racist. Low key, but a racist none the less and doesn't take kindly to the influx of Asian students in Toronto.
So, here's how you handle this:
Hit 'Reply' BUT add Pamela Couture (pamela.couture@utoronto.ca), she's the Executive Director of TST. You're also going to want to CC, and probably individually reach out, to the ARCDO office (antiracism@utoronto.ca) at the University of Toronto (https://antiracism.utoronto.ca/resolution/).
Write what you want in the email but call out Thomas. This isn't the first complaint against him. He'll apologize profusely, likely want to buy you a meal and "mend wounds." If you decide to accept, don't give in. This is what he does.

So I know Thomas Worcester personally. He's a racist. Low key, but a racist none the less and doesn't take kindly to the influx of Asian students in Toronto.
So, here's how you handle this:
Hit 'Reply' BUT add Pamela Couture (pamela.couture@utoronto.ca), she's the Executive Director of TST. You're also going to want to CC, and probably individually reach out, to the ARCDO office (antiracism@utoronto.ca) at the University of Toronto (https://antiracism.utoronto.ca/resolution/).
Write what you want in the email but call out Thomas. This isn't the first complaint against him. He'll apologize profusely, likely want to buy you a meal and "mend wounds." If you decide to accept, don't give in. This is what he does.

So I know Thomas Worcester personally. He's a racist. Low key, but a racist none the less and doesn't take kindly to the influx of Asian students in Toronto.
So, here's how you handle this:
Hit 'Reply' BUT add Pamela Couture (pamela.couture@utoronto.ca), she's the Executive Director of TST. You're also going to want to CC, and probably individually reach out, to the ARCDO office (antiracism@utoronto.ca) at the University of Toronto (https://antiracism.utoronto.ca/resolution/).
Write what you want in the email but call out Thomas. This isn't the first complaint against him. He'll apologize profusely, likely want to buy you a meal and "mend wounds." If you decide to accept, don't give in. This is what he does.

So I know Thomas Worcester personally. He's a racist. Low key, but a racist none the less and doesn't take kindly to the influx of Asian students in Toronto.
So, here's how you handle this:
Hit 'Reply' BUT add Pamela Couture (pamela.couture@utoronto.ca), she's the Executive Director of TST. You're also going to want to CC, and probably individually reach out, to the ARCDO office (antiracism@utoronto.ca) at the University of Toronto (https://antiracism.utoronto.ca/resolution/).
Write what you want in the email but call out Thomas. This isn't the first complaint against him. He'll apologize profusely, likely want to buy you a meal and "mend wounds." If you decide to accept, don't give in. This is what he does.

So I know Thomas Worcester personally. He's a racist. Low key, but a racist none the less and doesn't take kindly to the influx of Asian students in Toronto.
So, here's how you handle this:
Hit 'Reply' BUT add Pamela Couture (pamela.couture@utoronto.ca), she's the Executive Director of TST. You're also going to want to CC, and probably individually reach out, to the ARCDO office (antiracism@utoronto.ca) at the University of Toronto (https://antiracism.utoronto.ca/resolution/).
Write what you want in the email but call out Thomas. This isn't the first complaint against him. He'll apologize profusely, likely want to buy you a meal and "mend wounds." If you decide to accept, don't give in. This is what he does.

I want to stress this one. My wife is a tenure-track professor in Education. Her extracurricular work is only sitting on the Curriculum Planning Committee. Otherwise she has a 2/2 load and advises 12 upper-level students that she might see for an hour 3 times a year.
Her salary? 85k
The adjunct pay for the professor teaching the same exact course as her? $3,500
EDIT: Adjunct also has a Ph.D.

So one covered tuition and the other one? I'm presuming from your tone that it was worse.
Anyway, absolutely do not take out loans for a PhD, even just to help augment living costs.
You're not the first to decline an offer and try again next year. You can go work for a year, try to hop into a one year program, etc.
I'd also suggest reaching out to your POI at the school's and/or the director of graduate studies for the department. Explain your situation and see what they have to say. Odds are they won't have more funding for you, but they might have resources and/or suggestions.

So one covered tuition and the other one? I'm presuming from your tone that it was worse.
Anyway, absolutely do not take out loans for a PhD, even just to help augment living costs.
You're not the first to decline an offer and try again next year. You can go work for a year, try to hop into a one year program, etc.
I'd also suggest reaching out to your POI at the school's and/or the director of graduate studies for the department. Explain your situation and see what they have to say. Odds are they won't have more funding for you, but they might have resources and/or suggestions.

@sacklunch makes great points on leveraging your PhD in non-academic jobs. People do it, but your colleagues (and more so bosses!) will always ask, "What the hell are you doing here?!? Wouldn't you like to be teaching?" Say what you will about the job market but unless they're plugged in and fellow academics, many of them will either 1) See you as some kind of weirdo that couldn't get hired at a school and/or 2) Someone to be weary of. You're biding your time and will jump ship as soon as you can. Basically, someone that can't be trusted and someone not to give long-term projects to.
Of my friends that haven't gotten a safe full-time academy job, some went into administration. I have two friends that work in student affairs, one as a college chaplain and the other runs a school's Office of Religious Life but it's a purely administrative job. Some went into teaching at boarding schools which can be fairly lucrative, salaries in the 40-60k+ but it comes with housing and they legitimately have the summers off. One teaches at St. Paul's in NH and makes significantly more than 60k.
I also had two former classmates go work for the foreign service at the State Department! A former M* classmate from VDS also works at the State Department but in their Office of Religion and Global Affairs.
Some went into non-profit work.
Jobs are there but yea, probably none that directly utilize your PhD outside of teaching at an elite boarding/prep school. They have significant curriculum and financial well-being that teachers can teach seminars in their respective areas, something you aren't going to find much of anywhere else.

Seconding @sacklunch - you're mistaken on all accounts.
1. The UK PhDs that are well represented/respected come from UK scholars, by and large. They often attended highly elite boarding schools, did their BA at Oxford or Cambridge, and stayed on for a doctorate. They are a cut above your run of the mill scholars. Yes, absolutely, there are acclaimed US scholars that went to the UK for their DPhil. But guess what? The good ones landed highly competitive scholarships and their work reflects their overall ethic.
2. No one is questioning their scholars. We're questioning their institution taking advantage of gullible students.
3. What rankings, specifically, are you referencing? There's not a strong contender for Philosophy Gourmet like there is Religion/Theology.
4. I interviewed at Oxford and was granted acceptance but alas no aid. My POI walked me through the draft, step by step, with feedback until we knew that it would pass their committee. He said, literally, they're expected to do this for every US student.
5. You don't "hide" from critical scholarships. You find a hole in their argument and just blow it out of proportion. That's how their scheme works.
Etc., Etc., Etc.
You're reading our criticism as being negative of UK schools. Their scholarship is, by and large, sound. What we're critiquing is how their administrators handle US applicants and because of that, how they're perceived when they return Stateside looking for a job.
EDIT: Also done with my PhD but I like to stick around and offer advice. That said, I'm an Episcopal priest and knew that I would be headed into church work with minor/medium interest in the academy.

As a VDS alum: Merit aid only covers tuition. A very select few are offered stipends. It only covers the academic year and there's no housing included in aid.
That said, while housing is not included, there are avenues to pursue! Some of my VDS classmates worked in Res Life and were able to secure an apartment in one of the dorms in exchange for services.
There's also the Disciples House that is basically on campus and open to VDS students. It's first come, first serve so reach out now!
Finally, there is also Friendship House (It's also called Our Place Nashville). You share an apartment with a Nashville resident (separate bedrooms, etc) that has a developmental disability. You don't provide ANY medical care or anything like that, but you are required to share the occasional meal with them and be involved in the community. I lived there for two years and it was absolutely amazing! The program heavily subsidizes rent in exchange for you being an active member. That said, they will kick you out if you stop participating and attempt to take advantage of them for an almost free apartment. I don't know what rent is now but I was in the first cohort and it was $400/month in a REALLY nice apartment.

Same sentiments as @bigsh, largely.
ThM are often treated as a cash cow for a university but if you go to one that you did your MDiv or one that has an established reputation as being a feeder school, it could work. They often have later deadlines because of the very situation you've found yourself - getting shutout from every school and now needing a Plan B.
That said, ThMs have a hit or miss reputation on these forums. If you have a particular area that you know you want to focus on (moral theology) and enough material to have an inkling of an idea for a thesis, great! If you still don't know and want to spend time poking around, avoid a ThM at all costs.
There hasn't been a lot of discussion here on ThMs and funding so I can't help much there. So while places like Yale, Duke, etc tend to offer some funding, I don't know if any routinely offer all/mostly funded post-MDiv routes. Maybe others will be able to chime in there and suggest programs!

Seconding @sacklunch - you're mistaken on all accounts.
1. The UK PhDs that are well represented/respected come from UK scholars, by and large. They often attended highly elite boarding schools, did their BA at Oxford or Cambridge, and stayed on for a doctorate. They are a cut above your run of the mill scholars. Yes, absolutely, there are acclaimed US scholars that went to the UK for their DPhil. But guess what? The good ones landed highly competitive scholarships and their work reflects their overall ethic.
2. No one is questioning their scholars. We're questioning their institution taking advantage of gullible students.
3. What rankings, specifically, are you referencing? There's not a strong contender for Philosophy Gourmet like there is Religion/Theology.
4. I interviewed at Oxford and was granted acceptance but alas no aid. My POI walked me through the draft, step by step, with feedback until we knew that it would pass their committee. He said, literally, they're expected to do this for every US student.
5. You don't "hide" from critical scholarships. You find a hole in their argument and just blow it out of proportion. That's how their scheme works.
Etc., Etc., Etc.
You're reading our criticism as being negative of UK schools. Their scholarship is, by and large, sound. What we're critiquing is how their administrators handle US applicants and because of that, how they're perceived when they return Stateside looking for a job.
EDIT: Also done with my PhD but I like to stick around and offer advice. That said, I'm an Episcopal priest and knew that I would be headed into church work with minor/medium interest in the academy.

I'll share limited advice as I transferred PhD programs but in Religious Studies:
1) You need to leave on good terms with your current program. You'll need at least one LOR from them. If you can't get one it's likely to trigger a red flag for someone.
2) Be prepared to essentially start over. I went into one program with a MA and got 12 credits. Did two years and left with the blessing of the program and all of my LORs came from them. My final school (I'm done and graduated, working) accepted 9 credits from my previous PhD program.
3) Socially, it was weird AF. I came in with enough credits to be a second year but felt like a first year (yet struggled to relate with them), yet also felt ready for Comps.
Because of #2, if you're going to transfer, I'd do it sooner rather than later. That said, bailing year one does look weird but you also need to protect the integrity of what you want to research and not settle for something less. I had an advisor in my MA that shared a story of having to completely retool their dissertation b/c the people qualified to supervise it had left and the school didn't replace them. Got it done, hated every step of the process!
Find a confidant you can speak to, maybe the Director of Graduate Studies for the department, just share your struggle. You need someone more experienced to help you walk through this process. I was lucky in that my advisor at School #1 was best friends with my soon to be advisor at School #2, and they walked through me through the application process and Advisor #2 planned out my studies to try and recoup time lost.

Seconding @sacklunch - you're mistaken on all accounts.
1. The UK PhDs that are well represented/respected come from UK scholars, by and large. They often attended highly elite boarding schools, did their BA at Oxford or Cambridge, and stayed on for a doctorate. They are a cut above your run of the mill scholars. Yes, absolutely, there are acclaimed US scholars that went to the UK for their DPhil. But guess what? The good ones landed highly competitive scholarships and their work reflects their overall ethic.
2. No one is questioning their scholars. We're questioning their institution taking advantage of gullible students.
3. What rankings, specifically, are you referencing? There's not a strong contender for Philosophy Gourmet like there is Religion/Theology.
4. I interviewed at Oxford and was granted acceptance but alas no aid. My POI walked me through the draft, step by step, with feedback until we knew that it would pass their committee. He said, literally, they're expected to do this for every US student.
5. You don't "hide" from critical scholarships. You find a hole in their argument and just blow it out of proportion. That's how their scheme works.
Etc., Etc., Etc.
You're reading our criticism as being negative of UK schools. Their scholarship is, by and large, sound. What we're critiquing is how their administrators handle US applicants and because of that, how they're perceived when they return Stateside looking for a job.
EDIT: Also done with my PhD but I like to stick around and offer advice. That said, I'm an Episcopal priest and knew that I would be headed into church work with minor/medium interest in the academy.