Just a point of info:
I was in China last year and met an ETA fulbrighter from Hong Kong. She told me that she had originally applied to South Korea, and been put on the alternate list. Then, in late Spring, she got a phone call saying there was an opening in the HK ETA program, and asking if she'd be willing to go there instead (since it was also an Asian country). She obviously said yes. SO... I'm not sure how common this is, or what the situation was specifically, but that might answer the Nepal question listed above, and/or give some alternates a little hope. Of course, I'm sure this probably wouldn't happen for Research Grant applicants (because of the country-specific nature of proposals) and for countries with a strict language requirement (besides the probably larger applicant pool this year), but who knows...