Hi there,
As an international student, I have a question regarding PhD programs in Europe. As far as I know, in most countries, international students are responsible for their tuition and cost of living. However, the students have the opportunity to win a scholarship or become a research or teaching assistant at the university and in this way they can afford the high expenses. However, if they are not eligible for scholarships, they have to pay the cost by their own. Countries such as England, Switzerland, etc. are among this group I think.
On the other hand, there are some countries that consider doing a PhD as a job, and they pay the students stipend. For instance, in Netherlands, the university makes a contract with the student and they pay for PhD students an amount between 3,000 to 6,000 Euro each month. Or, in Germany, PhD is free and students should be only responsible for cost of living and there is no tuitions. In this case, the student's funding is somehow guaranteed (Although you should first find vacancies and gain admission!).
I would be grateful if you could tell me what are other European countries that can be placed in the second group (such as Netherlands). In what countries the PhD is free indeed, are there any?!