Thanks for the advice. I'll give some specifics as requested. I have great grades from a medicore school: 3.98 GPA, Summa Cum Laude, Honors, Distinction in Philosophy from the University of South Carolina. My GREs are OK, but not stellar: 159Q/164V. I plan to study my ass off and take it again this year. I really don't know how to evaluate my writing sample. I think it isn't bad but needs some work (and professional criticism). My letters of recommendation are from fairly good people, considering the low pedigree of my school. I don't know what they say, of course. I was rejected from a lot of good PhD programs this year (CUNY, Columbia, UC Riverside, UMass, etc.) If anyone has more tailored advice, I would greatly appreciate it.
This is probably a good thread for others to give specifics on their situations in case they need the same type of advice.