Thanks everyone for the excellent information in these threads so far... I have a question that came to mind after watching this video today, from the nsfgrfp.org website. In the video they touch on the LOR writers, and several times they mention people who know you professionally. I recently earned a BS in Electrical Engineering and am currently enrolled in a graduate program. Fortunately, over the past year I have been working as an engineer for a small company that does embedded work. This job has given me much experience as an engineer, and the bosses (CTO and CEO) have both said that they are willing to write strong letters of recommendation. Of course, their context is the job market, not the NSF grant. And they have mentioned this because the funds of the company are drying up ("bleeding money" as they put it) and they have recommended that I shop around for another job. The CTO knows me very well. He knows what type of work ethic I have. He probably knows me better than the letter writers who will be coming from academia. But he does not hold a PhD, and the job overlaps with my proposed research topic to a certain degree, but not completely. Is it a bad idea to chose a writer that comes from industry? This will be my first time applying for the GRFP, and I will be a first year grad student starting next week...