Hey! So, I didn't mean to suggest that I think the only way to get into these programs is by knowing a well-established writer or being published. Not at all. My main point was that successful applications seem to have subjected their work to rigorous prior scrutiny, whether it be in a workshop setting, by submitting to publications (getting rejected many times, and being forced to revise in order to get published), or even just working on their own for years. Or applying for MFAs multiple rounds and having to intensely revise their sample. I myself have been out of undergrad for seven years and went to a workshop last summer for the first time in about ten years. It's not like a two-week workshop developed my voice, my ambition, my interests: those had already been churning and stewing for years beforehand. But the workshop took me out of my own echo chamber, and that was crucial. Is it true that having a great mentor or having access to great workshops is helpful? Of course-- which is why we are applying to these MFA programs in the first place, to have access to those great mentors and workshops and time to write.
In terms of opportunities available for revision: Draft people have suggested UCLA Extension, which has online courses and scholarships available. There are also often workshops available in your local city as well as many online workshops. I live in NYC and there are a wealth of opportunities, like the 92Y, Brooklyn Poets, etc-- many of these also offer scholarships. I know Brooklyn Poets has online workshops, so those who don't live in NYC could participate. There are quite a few summer workshops (Bread Loaf, Tin House, Kenyon Review, NY State Summer Writers), some of which don't have much in the way of scholarships. Not to constantly cite my own experience, but I attended a program which only offered scholarships to matriculated students, which didn't apply to me. I had to save for about six months beforehand to afford the workshop on my own, but I viewed it as an investment in my future. My version of going to an unfunded MFA, I guess. I googled an Iowa poetry acceptee and saw that they had previously crowdfunded their way to a residency. Everyone has their own path, but I do think that opportunities exist.
My response is not meant *at all* to be comprehensive or cover all the bases-- I recognize the many obstacles that are in the way of especially more marginalized groups. I hope this a bit helpful, and certainly I think this is one place where the hive mind of Draft might be helpful in suggesting other opportunities.