Hi!
1. Yes! Usually, you would be an adjunct professor or a guest lecturer. I also know people who teach online classes for local universities.
2. I feel like that very much depends on what you want to do with it and how successful you want to be. The balance for a professor and a consultant will be different.
3. I think you hit it on the head when you say it depends on location. I have heard anywhere from 50K (professor at a small university) to 150K starting salary (someone with more previous work experience and connections). This also depends on what you do because there is a large difference in how much a college professor makes and a corporate consultant makes.