Thank you everyone for offering your perspectives. I realize this can be a contentious topic, so I especially appreciate you all for putting less popular opinions out there.
Perhaps I could elaborate more on my current situation and future goals. @bayessays mentioned that PhDs get the same boring jobs as M.S. graduates, and I am certainly aware that is true to a certain extent. I work with several of them. My current role certainly does not require a PhD. There are many great things to acknowledge about my current role: the work-life balance is good, and I have learned some skills (my ability to code is immeasurably better than it ever was in school). However, my firm will outright admit it is not very analytically mature, and it will take a very longtime to move forward. I realize many companies likely share the sentiment, but I also know many others (mostly in tech) are on or near the cutting edge of analytics.
I want to pursue a role that will challenge me more, but I know I will need to sharpen my skills to land such a role. Although many employers include my current one emphasize personal development time, in reality no employer will really offer all that much time for development opportunities. One option would be to spend more time outside of work learning new techniques and technologies, but there is certainly a limit to the amount of time on top of work I could happily allocate to this goal. As I mentioned before, I strive to be a balanced individual, and I have many hobbies, interests, and goals beyond data science. I find a PhD appealing for this reason: learning and research would be my job. I am fortunate to know many PhD students that work hard on their research but have a variety of outside interests that make them more well-rounded individuals.
Maybe I should further describe what attracts me to PhD study as well as what deters me from staying in academia beyond completion of a PhD. Things I find appealing: learning and applying cutting-edge techniques as well as researching new techniques, (some) freedom to pursue specific interest areas. Things I do not find appealing: grant proposals, competing for postdocs, a less secure future. I want to tackle difficult problems, but in an industry setting. I understand staying current is difficult to do long-term, but I am under the impression I could be far more valuable by spending a few years broadening my skills beyond elementary statistical modeling and machine learning.
The opportunity cost is very valid, but I would not be considering a PhD program as an option if I only cared about money. I have comfort in the fact that 1) I have already saved and invested a substantial amount in my few years of professional work and 2) I could be well-compensated once again following my studies. I think there could be a great uptick in my quality of life and sense of fulfillment by being back in a university setting, unless I am grossly misunderstanding what PhD studies look like (which of course is what motivated me to make this post).
As one last remark, the program I am looking at is considered to be an interdisciplinary program in Statistics and Data Science, meaning it overlaps with Computer Science among other fields. I will continue to research the department, but my understanding is that this program would be less like a traditional statistics PhD program.