Thank you for those two links. I especially like the summary at the top of the first one, "The one-word version of [my] advice is: PUBLISH."
To answer your question, my work experience has been to start a business technology services firm after graduation, providing development and IT services to companies.
In my situation, is there any way to conduct or participate in research aside from getting an intermediary masters degree?
I still live nearby to my undergraduate university, and I had good relationships with the CS faculty. The school does not have a Robotics PhD program, but I could do a masters there in a robotics-related field like CS, ME, EE. There is a professor in the CS department whose research centers around machine learning (clustering and the k-means algorithm). However, I don't know to what extent machine learning would help me get into a Robotics PhD program. I see that at Carnegie Mellon, for example, machine learning is not under the Robotics Institute.
Lastly, given that I have a Bioinformatics (CS) undergraduate degree, any thoughts on the complementary masters that would be most desirable to a robotics program? One worry I have with doing a CS masters is locking myself into the software side of robotics (machine learning/AI/etc). I'm not exactly sure of my desired research areas yet, but I do know that I will do best in areas with both software/theory and a physical manifestation such as aerospace robotics, motion planning, human robot interaction, etc. This makes me think the masters I should then go for is ME or EE..?
Appreciate any thoughts.