I second the Adger book. It has an unfortunate collection of reviews on the US Amazon, but this may be because you have to read it from start to finish rather than dipping into it randomly to get up to speed on certain topics. He has a great writing style and doesn't treat you like an idiot, so if you stick with it, you'll come out feeling smarter!
If you prefer the style of book with many worked examples to drill it in to you, I can recommend Andrew Radford's ever-updating series of introductory books. The one I used was 'Analysing English Sentences'. While not as dry as some, it does have an overly pedagogical feel to it which sometimes makes you wonder what the whole thing is leading up to, whereas with Adger you feel the sparkle of usefulness to current research from the beginning. That's my take, anyway.