You can write a regular expression that generates the language, or construct a DFA that accepts it. There are several equivalent definitions of regular language, such as the language can be expressed by a regular expression, or the language can be accepted by a DFA. I have also seen that in some textbooks regular language is defined inductively in terms of closure properties.
In your case, I think you can easily find a DFA or regex that accepts a string containing either the subword aaa or bb, and then since regular language is closed under complement, the language L is regular.