I must agree with both sides on certain aspects. I think you should have a balanced list of schools - a few safety schools, a few in the middle schools, and maybe one or two reach schools. Sure, GPAs and GRE scores can be used as a primary cutoff for the applicant pools, but I do think it is a good idea to directly ask the department or the program about your certain situation/qualifications and see what they may think of it. Sometimes they may tell you to apply while others may say otherwise. Also, it may be a good idea to apply to a school or two in which you have a personal connection with; that may be helpful in winning acceptance in at least one school. When I applied, I had the list of schools that was just described. I applied to a bunch of schools, but fortunately I was able to budget it out and I ended up being accepted to a pretty good school with just a 3.0 undergrad GPA, no masters. My last statement is to persevere, prepare your applications with professors, and do some mock interviews with faculty you know to see how well you interview.