Oh no! Hopefully they'll just think that your argument is brilliant and inaccessible, rather than nonsensical. There's always a chance. In addition to my harebrained capital 'S' in the Michigan application, I applied to Yale and left out the word "of". I'd be surprised if they haven't burned my application by this point.
On a more serious note, I'd imagine that the typo tolerance of a school is directly correlated with the number of quality applications they receive in a given year. If it's a really tough choice, something as small as a typo may be the determining factor. If your application is otherwise incredible, and you're a really good fit for the program, they're probably more likely to ignore the typo.