Without zero research experience, you would have gotten rejected from UCB/Stanford EE PhD even if you had a 4.0 from a top 5 university. The average profile for PhD domestic students at these two is something like 3.8-3.9 GPA, 800/570/4.5 GRE, 1-1.5 years of research experience, 0-1 publications, mostly from top 30 schools. The single most important factor is letters of recommendation (from professors, not managers) that comment on your ability to do research. You need AT LEAST one of those for a top 5 PhD. At schools below the top 5, you may still get in. For terminal MS, though, research is just a minor bonus.
Your best bet is to continue at UC Irvine with a thesis-based MS and then apply again for direct PhD admissions later. Unless you manage to get 1st author publications in prestigious journals, I would aim lower too because what you did in undergrad is still evaluated and your academic profile is too weak. Hardships, minority status, and non-research industry work experience (and by extensions, letters from industry managers) mean next to nothing in EE PhD admissions. Remember that it's basically a job application for a 6-year research position. UCB/Stanford are top schools and they're enrolling only 50-100 of the best candidates in the world each year. They don't really compromise on qualifications since there are more than enough highly-qualified applicants to fill every single one of those slots every year. Once you go down the ranking (outside top 10), it becomes MUCH easier to gain admission, so don't get caught up on having to go to a top school.