Sorry to hear this! I'm someone with a significant amount of work experience, applied this year in strategy/ management to a few top schools, and got a couple of top admits and interviews at others. I'd say that if you have been doing interesting things out of school which are relevant to your future studies and you can connect them in a cohesive manner to your research interests it is actually a significant competitive advantage. A formal pre-doc or a research project goes a long way towards establishing your skill set and aptitude for research. The schools you applied are leading ones, so all aspects of your application would have to be solid (apart from your impressive GMAT).
Without knowing your full profile, it is hard to comment further. But happy to help on DM..