Grilledcheese — yeah, those employment statistics are frightening. Of course, many brilliant professors have gone to lower-ranked schools and many mediocre professors higher-ranked school, but I still think one needs to be a bit pragmatic.
From what I know, normally stipends go from $9,000 to $20,000+ a year, with occasional multiple fellowship years and almost always some teaching. I think a reasonable goal is $12,000+ , at least one year fellowship, no more than one course teaching per semester. Some good schools give less (Florida seems to require lots of teaching for little money) and others more (Penn seems to be handing out $18,500 for five years with only two years teaching). Really varies by school. Support after the fifth year is more rare, but I think Urbana gives it. Average national time to degree: 8.5 years, although this too varies greatly by program. People seem to finish quickly at Michigan and spend lifetimes at Berkeley.
I think getting in touch with a professor is good — as long as your motive isn’t obvious. I personally haven’t done it, but many do.
Although I don’t want to sway you, here are some things to think about: if you try and transfer from a MA to a high-ranked PhD, multiple publications/conference papers will be important. They are much less important when applying straight out of a BA. Also, almost all schools will tell you the competition is more “keen