European Research (PhD/DPhil) Degrees - How do they work?

[pilisopa]

I'm having a hard time understanding how doctorate degrees work in Europe. There are "research" and "taught" degrees (these seem most common in the UK) but most seem to emphasize independent study. However, am I understanding correctly that some expect students to actually live there? Are there any that don't? I.e. can I carry on doctoral research independently without actually living at/near the university where I'm registered at any European universities?

[PokePsych]

Majority of schools would want you to live there at least at the beginning of your study. Often you have other duties (other than research) that include teaching, departmental duties, etc. UK may be an exception to this.