Adverbials

[Marilyn12]

Hello,

I have a problem connected with adjunct/sentence adverbials and phrase markers. I know definition etc but once I've heard such sentence: "I have just arrived." and I don't know if "just" acts here as an adverbial? For me it is not complement, just additional information, but I cannot show it in a phrase marker because an adjunt must be related with VP and here it  is between two constituents of Vrgp. So if it is not an adverbial what is it? It is a necessary part of this sentence??? 

Thanks in advance

[fuzzylogician]

I'm actually not exactly sure what definitions you are using - in particular, I'm not sure what you mean by "phrase marker" here - but clearly "just" is not required in this sentence, because "I have arrived" is also a grammatical sentence. Therefore "just" is not a necessary part of the sentence --> it is not a complement. Instead, "just" appears to be modifying "arrived," so the VP here would be "just arrived," with "just" acting as a time adverbial or modifier of the action described by V. "have" is tense/aspect and occupies the Tense node (I or T, whichever you prefer), and "I" is a subject in the specifier of that same projection. So we have here: [TP I [T have [VP just [V arrived]]]].

 

Does that help?

[Marilyn12]

Thank you very much, now it's clear to me. 

(By phrase marker I meant tree diagram. )

Thank you.