I'll be graduating December 2014, myself, so I've just started looking into a loot of this sort of stuff. The deadline dates depend heavily on if you're looking at advanced standing or not; if you are, most programs start in the Summer, and so deadlines tend to be November/December/January-ish. Regular standing programs starting in the Fall seem to be February/March/April-ish. Either which way you have plenty of time, so just look into the specific schools once it gets closer. If you need to take the GRE, I would probably plan for it sometime around October/November, so that way you have time to retake it if necessary before the deadlines As for the other stuff - references, personal statement, and so forth - as long as you have it ready to go by the fall, you should be solid.
If a distance program is most ideal and budget is a heavy consideration, I would definitely give University of North Dakota a consideration. It's super cheap (instate tuition for the online program, regardless of where you live), has an advanced standing option (which is less common for distance programs), and is, of course, accredited and all that jazz.