I would like to echo and supplement the sentiments expressed by taybaxter. I have no way of knowing whether contacting faculty has had a direct effect on my application's chances, but I did learn a lot from it. 1) Information- I found out from some people that they will be on sabbatical and so not accepting any students or will be retiring and so will only take on MA students; I discovered which professors seemed legitimately interested and encouraged me to apply and which ones responded with only a terse comment on competitiveness; I learned which departments have a faculty and student body active beyond the academic world; I also gleaned more directly applicable bits of knowledge such as that school x looks right away at the writing sample to see if you're using foreign language primary sources, that school y is all about who you've read and want to emulate, and school z really looks at you as a person and what that could bring to the department. 2) Confidence- just knowing that somebody somewhere might actually be interested in reading your writing sample, would like to work with you, or can make it through your SOP without laughing and lighting it on fire is incredibly calming. 3) Silence- If someone isn't willing to respond at all, even to say whether they might accept a student in their field, it may make you think twice about whether you want your life to revolve around them for the next five-plus years. So, whether or not I get in anywhere, I'm glad I corresponded with faculty first.