Hello Olivia,
This is my second time applying and I'm pretty sure I know why I didn't get the grant (ETA) the first, despite being seemingly qualified, speaking the host's country's language fluently, having great recommendations, and an English degree. At the time I felt like I had this grant in the bag. Now the country I applied to was only offering 1 ETA grant. This can be both a bad and good thing. Good in that there might not be as many applicants, (thus the 1 grant), bad in that you're competing fiercely for just one grant. The university I attended also is renowned for having some of the highest Fulbright recipient rates. This is, of course, not a direct factor.
Meanwhile I had mentioned that to my friend, who was not attending the same university, that he too should apply. He had studied education and was just about to receive his teaching certificate. He applied to South Korea, and spoke not a lick of Korean. And as past statistics indicate, despite offering around 70 or so ETA grants, South Korea receives tremendous amounts of applicants.
So over the course of the waiting period he and I both discussed the pros and cons of each of our applications. Long story short, he's in South Korea and I'm still in the good US of A. Now there are subtle differences in our applications, and variables regarding our respective host countries abound. But what I think made a pretty significant difference was my friend's teaching experience, and his desire to truly pursue a career in teaching, as it is his passion.
Don't mean to scare anyone who doesn't have teaching experience. These are simply my thoughts given my situation. Like a said, there are many, many variables. Just thought I share this with you.