I applied last year and didn't get into any PhD programs but did get into a one-year MA. I applied this year, and I've gotten into some good programs. I think the MA really helped, as I had been out of school for a while before that. It not only made me look more serious about grad school, but also actually made me much better able to prepare a competitive writing sample, talk the talk in the personal statement, etc. So you might want to consider the MA route.
I wouldn't bother trying to re-take the GRE, unless your scores were egregiously low, as I really don't think the schools take them all that seriously unless they're below some cut-off or other, which probably varies by school. The amount of time it would take to study for and retake the test and get a better score just wouldn't be worth it. You'd be much better off spending that time on your writing sample.
You could also try visiting some of the schools you're interested in, if they're open to it. If you present well in person, you'll have a leg up over people who are just names on paper.
It will take some digging, but the "Who Got In?" threads are great sources of advice, as there are plenty of people every year who are in your situation, and they ask for advice and get it. Check out the following links:
http://community.livejournal.com/who_got_in/26814.html
http://community.livejournal.com/who_got_in/66785.html
http://community.livejournal.com/who_got_in/88132.html
Best of luck!