Though the job market is a crapshoot, individuals should based their choice on the following criteria:
Department ranking: They matter. Period. Anything below the top 25, and at worse the top 50 is a waste of time and energy.
Specialty area ranking: This one is just as important as the department’s ranking. Say you’re interested in studying aging, and have a choice between Northwestern and Cornell. If you base your choice on the department’s rankings, you’ll choose Northwestern. However, Northwestern’s not known for scholars who do work on minority aging, and if you choose this school, you may wonder who will you work with. In contrast, Cornell’s known for health.
SENIOR scholar in your specialty area who does work related to your interests: This is VERY important. Though younger faculty members (Assistants and Associate’s) may do excellent work related to your area, letters from Senior Scholars are the one’s that COUNT on the job market.
Rankings should be based off of the US News and World Report (http://grad-schools.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-graduate-schools/top-humanities-schools/sociology-rankings). Basing rankings off of what someone "heard" is less reliable. I've heard pigs fly. Do you believe me?
Some areas are always in demand (quant methods, health, race, and crime), while others are not (qual methods, social movements).
Sincerely,
PostDoc