Another important thing to consider is how to get as much information as possible out of the departments that rejected, wait listed, and admitted you without funding this year: consider it an application autopsy. While some programs maintain strict policies about not discussing applications, others will have a kind DGS or head of the ad comm who is able to give you a sense of how your application was received by the committee and what your strengths and weaknesses may have been--this is some of the best feedback you can get your hands on.
It will be helpful in terms of finding out where to target your efforts in the coming months--should you be thinking of using a different writing sample? was your proposed research solid but in need of some fine-tuning? is it possible that your GRE scores just didn't make the cutoff? is there a conference/publication/class that, if added to your CV, will make a huge difference? Additionally, in reaching out you'll be forging relationships with faculty at the programs you'll be reapplying to in a few months; if you can be positive and professional it will create a lasting impression that can only help you next time your application comes across their desks. Plus, you can always sneak a bit of bonus rhetoric into these phone or email exchanges, reiterating that, though you were naturally hoping for a better outcome this season, University X remains your top choice and you're hoping you can learn from this year in order to submit the most polished application possible in the fall.
Ultimately, having applied once will give you a distinct advantage in many respects, so the key is to figure out which parts of your application need an overhaul and which ones you can keep mostly as is (therefore saving time and energy). A postmortem from your target audience cannot be anything but useful guidance as you embark upon round two.