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Hello, I am an international student who transferred from China in September 2018 and I am going to apply for graduate school at the end of this year. I saw that many schools says that if an international student wants to get a waiver for TOEFL, he or she must study in US for three years or has a bachelor degree. So in my case can I get a waiver or should I take TOEFL again?

Hello! I want to ask two questions. The first one is: is it mandatory to have a paper published when applying to phd in CS? especially for AI/ML field? Second: Is it recommended to cold-emailing professors before apply? Looking forward to your reply! Thanks!

I am international sophomore student studying computer science in US. Recently I decided to apply for PhD in the future so I try to find a professor who can offer a research opportunity in summer. However, I could not find any after numerous asking. Right now I decide to try again in next summer after I finish all the core requirement courses. But just prepare for the worst case, if I still cannot find any research opportunity after the junior summer. Should I consider to apply for the research-based MS instead of applying directly to PhD? If so, which MS programs are suitable for those who want to apply for PhD?