I am an American who has attended three different Canadian Universities in two different provinces. I am not in your field, but might have some general knowledge that would be helpful to you.
Bdon is right. In general, hiring institutions in the states prefer American PhDs. However, if you are still interested, the University of Toronto (my alma mater) is generally quite well-known, as are McGill and UBC. There may be some others worth considering as well.
Bdon is also correct about funding. As far as I know, your tuition will be covered and you will be offered a stipend. But because international tuition is still higher, I know of at least one institution that caps the number of visa students that it will admit. So, it can be harder to get into these programs as an international student.
Also, from what I have heard, UofT in particular is known for being a bit stingy. You'll get a stipend, but it will probably only be $15,000. Your options for external funding will also be limited unless you manage to get permanent residency.
From what I have seen, the application deadlines for graduate degree programs generally run later here. So if you are still interested, you may have more time to pursue this option than you had thought. You know, if I haven't deterred you. I should mention that I love it here!