My statement might still be true for other humanities programs. Your experience comes from Canadian grad schools, which can have completely different policies altogether. I have friends that went to SAIS, KSG, and other IR grad schools. So in that regard, I have first knowledge of how "negotiations" don't work. I'll try to get some of them to come here. Additionally to the other poster posting about JHU and MIT. JHU probably cares that MIT is outpaying in stipend amount, but they will not adjust aid just to enroll a particular applicant. The Ph.D. stipend amounts are set by the university and cannot be increased randomly by the department, even if a competitor is paying more. Ullinois might have a lower stipend simply due to the fact that it is a state school in a lower cost of living area, not because it is a "better" school. I can tell you, with offers in hand from top engineering schools when I applied, MIT, Stanford, Berkeley, Cornell, had negligibly different stipend amounts relative to lesser engineering schools like JHU, and Columbia. Only UT-Austin provided substantially less (about 10k less) in stipend due to Austin being a cheaper place to live.