For the former project, with the exception of a few blind sessions with someone else, I did pretty much everything. I worked on it for a semester so far, but I plan to continue this project on my own free time this fall. I learned about single-case designs, which will be useful in future work outside of graduate school. I also learned about manuscript writing (since our course paper was in manuscript form) and how to be concise in my papers.
For the latter project, I worked on it for 1.5 semesters. Though I was working with other people on this project, I made a significant contribution and got highly involved. I learned a lot about research design (the muddled results came from a flawed research design). I also learned how to be flexible.
Both (which involved rats) are very different from the first independent project (which involved zebrafish). All have a purpose, though--the independent project involved my future research interests while the rat projects allowed me to work with the species I want to utilize for my research in grad school.
Both projects were supervised by my advisor and I am asking him for a letter of recommendation. Since they both resulted in a poster, yes, they are on my CV as well.
The hard thing about my situation is that my research experience is very fragmented because our university doesn't have research labs that we can apply to and work in for years (at least in biology and psychology anyways--chemistry may be different). I take whatever experience I can get, even if it's a research course or volunteer work. Last semester, I was working on 4 different projects. So it's hard to say in years how much research experience I have.