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TakeruK

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Everything posted by TakeruK

  1. To be honest, I am not 100% sure I agree with myself here either. This is indeed a tricky line and @Sigaba is right that if people using machine pattern recognition on publicly available data (maybe your thesis isn't online now but that doesn't mean it can't be scanned and uploaded later) then you might get "caught" even when not targeted. And @Sigaba is right that you have to decide whether you should get in front of it now or determine it's not worth it. In my answer above, I thought about both sides and I gave my answer to "not worry about it" because I thought that in your case, there is little benefit to coming forward now and the consequences of being caught would be small (unless you are a high profile figure in the future). I had a busy afternoon and didn't fully elaborate so I apologize for the oversight. Ultimately, it is your decision based on your choices of risk taking which path you should follow. For transparency, here's what led me to think it would not be worth it if I was in your situation. Hope this is more helpful for you to make the right decision for yourself: 1. Like I said above, even if you are caught in a wide net, I'd imagine many other people will be found with similarly minor offenses. So, unless you were being targeted, you would be among many others who made similar mistakes and I don't think the consequences will be that severe. This is purely conjecture though, so take it with a grain of salt. However, if you do become a high profile person and is targeted, then even the tiniest slip-up will/can be magnified to attack you (see: Clinton's emails). 2. Bringing up this case might not actually lead to anything that will protect you in the future. The school might just brush it off now but that doesn't absolve you of being caught in the future. 3. If your school's thesis repository is like mine, then every entry is permanent. That is, if I was in your shoes and now, 1 year later, I wanted to correct my PhD thesis intro, I would submit a new version. The library would then host both versions, the original that I defended and a new version (after getting approval from whatever protocol). So, this doesn't protect you from something like Sigaba describes either---a web trawling deep learning net would still find the original work and although it will look slightly better that you self-reported and corrected, an enemy can still make a point that you were dishonest in the past. 4. So, ultimately, I see very little benefit in self-reporting. You lose the chance to do damage control via self-report, but since the damage level would be tiny (except if you are a high profile person but then see #1 and #3), there's little need to damage control. Just my thoughts on what I would do. You'd make the best choice for yourself.
  2. Like others said, schools are often very slow. This is money that you are owed, so I would not give up on it. It makes sense to be smart about how much you want to push them, but you should continue to check in every few weeks or so until this is resolved. Graduation also has very little to do with anything. Most schools have fiscal years that match their government (i.e. US schools Oct 1 - Sept 30, Canadian schools Apr 1 - Mar 31) and even if the deadline is passed, most schools have processes to finish up slow claims as long as it was started / committed prior to the budget closed. By the way, in grad school and other parts of academia, you will constantly have to maintain good positive relationships with others, especially those in power over you, while consistently holding firm to your own beliefs and what is rightfully yours. If you don't then you will be taken advantage of and trodden all over. So consider this a good first step.
  3. I don't think you need to worry. I think what's done is done. Unless you become some political figure or otherwise attract attention, people generally aren't going to be poking around at your history to find ways to accuse you of things like this. However, I hope you now know that what you did was definitely ethically dubious and would likely count as academic misconduct. It would be minor though. For the future, - Don't paraphrase what others have said unless you have attributed the work to them. I don't understand what you mean when you said that you didn't claim the introductory material to be original. Unless you cite it, you are claiming that it's original (or that it's something so common knowledge that doesn't require citation). - Just because a protocol was taught to you orally does not mean that the protocol itself did not require a citation. In my field (also STEM), when training a new student, we don't always have citations off the top of our head and it's not really helpful to include the citation in the training material. However, when it's time for the student to write up what they did, it is the student's responsibility (and the supervisor's too) to ensure that all methods and protocols are adequately justified and if it's not your idea, then you need to cite the people who came up with the protocol---credit where credit is due (also the paper that describes the protocol often justifies it so you can use that citation to support your decision). - The methods section is indeed difficult to phrase in different words. I have used the same method now in 12 papers and it is indeed challenging to ensure that you are not copying one of your older versions verbatim. The right thing to do is to say that you are using the method from XYZ (citation) and then give a brief summary, including any modifications you made for this particular application. This way, everything is cited and any paraphrasing you've done is correctly attributed.
  4. See my above response from Feb 21 for what might happen if your grad school gets a report about you after you have matriculated. As I wrote above, since grad schools and med schools are very different things, I don't think the concerns that the med school had will be shared by a graduate school. I would guess that a grad school would be more interested in who you are as a person now, not your history and it is unlikely for someone to be dismissed for actions occurring solely before you matriculated, unless these actions would have affected your admission (e.g. lying about a degree). No one knows for sure though, and no one here can really give you a guarantee.
  5. Is there any reason you have to arrive on July 27? If not, might be better to book the flight for 28th or later (or if it's already booked, paying the change fee is probably worth not having to wait in the airport for a day and/or the potential problems below). By the way, most airports will not have their customs/passport control areas open 24 hours per day and like fuzzy said, most US airports that take international flights are set up to quickly funnel people from the gate to passport control. There are washrooms in between but often no food, seating and security are present to ensure people keep moving and don't try to sneak away. Typically passport control opens around 5am or 6am so if it's not open at midnight, you're going to be in this limbo for almost 11-16 hours. You could try to enter early and see what happens. They might allow you to stay and wait since there's nowhere you can go. Or, they might deny you entry and force you to return home. Also, your airline may not let you board the flight either. When an airline takes someone who is inadmissible to the USA, they are fined and forced to take the passenger back home. So, many airlines carefully check to ensure you are able to enter the USA before they let you board the flight. This check happens at the airport when you check in, typically, and I've heard stories where people confirm things with the airline ahead of time but then they are denied at the airport. Unless there is a really compelling reason to enter on July 27 instead of July 28, I think it's a much better idea to book the flight or change the flight to a later date.
  6. Don't make the situation weird by treating your lab-mates/group-mates as competitors. In your post, you have already started comparing yourself to your colleagues. An important thing to learn in grad school for mental health is to stop comparing yourself to others. You are all in this together, you are all working together, and this is not an "us vs them" thing. In addition, I got the sense from your post that you were "supposed" to be their student and that these other students will "take" time away from you and your advisor. Maybe this is not what you intended, but if it was, it would be wise to avoid this type of unhealthy and arrogant thinking.
  7. I agree that you should definitely not include every single detail in your SOP. Your application does consist of your CV and letters of reference too, by the way! I also think your instinct to avoid only superficially describing each of your many projects is correct! Your field's expectations on SOPs may vary from mine, so it would be good for you to mostly focus on what your prof contact tells you. However, here's what I would say based on my experience in my field. If I had to put a fraction on what part of the SOP to spend directly discussing your past experience vs your future plans, my answer would be 2/3 past, 1/3 future. I find that in many STEM fields, you are not really proposing your own research directions at the application stage as ultimately, you will be working on whatever your advisors have grants to fund. So most departments are just looking for most qualified candidates that span the range of interests that the department wants to encourage (or in many cases, interests that match positions funded by faculty grants). So the part that directly discusses your future would be about your future career goals (i.e. why grad school is the path for you) and how this particular program would help you achieve these goals (i.e. why this particular program). You should certainly demonstrate what areas of your field are your interests and you want to do this mostly to show that 1) you know how to discuss science and make a science case for a topic, 2) to help the committee categorize what area of the department you'd fit in and 3) to show that you've thought about your future deeply. But you should probably not actually propose a research topic because it's often far too early in most programs to even know this at this stage. So, the majority of your SOP should be writing about your past, but I still think it should mostly be a future facing document. Everything about your past should be a point in support of the future facing stuff I mentioned above. So maybe this will help you decide what parts of your past should go into the SOP. For each program, think about what you are saying about your future in that program and then write a story about your last 4 years that best demonstrates your capability to achieve your future plans. There's no point discussing your past just for the sake of discussing them or just to have a complete record of your experience (that's what the CV is for, not the SOP). Only bring up what's relevant and be sure you connect all of it to the future stuff. In this sense, I would agree that an SOP would be 1/3 past and 2/3 future, it's just that much of the "future" is showing how your past will make you a great scientist in the future. The actual past-past stuff should be limited to things that really do need to be explained/mentioned for the sake of doing so, such as explaining leaves of absences if necessary. Finally, one last important note. There's no one right way to do a SOP or apply to grad school. I really think grad committees are looking for ways for a candidate to show how they excel and there are many many ways to excel. Each applicant should structure their application in a way that best showcases their own excellence and merit. So even this advice on SOP writing can depend on a lot on each applicant. For you, due to your extensive research experience, it might be worth spending a little more time in your SOP than usual to have you stand out in this way, while keeping in mind that the SOP is not a CV and you still should not include every last thing. But for another student with less experience, perhaps the SOP is a good place to demonstrate that they have thought more deeply about their future and the big questions in the field so they might want to spend more time in the SOP discussing that. Maybe they excel in having very good insights and ideas for future project. Since the SOP is the only way a student can demonstrate these abilities themselves, students in this circumstance might be better off spending less time discussing their more limited project history. So, you should write your SOP in the way that best showcases you.
  8. You don't need a credit card to pay for Project Fi. See their help page: https://support.google.com/fi/answer/6061907?hl=en You can just use a bank debit card (which you don't need credit to obtain). I am not sure how it works where you are from, but in the USA, Debit cards have Mastercard and Visa branding too, allowing them to be used online. Canada now has this but when I first moved to the USA, this was very new and confusing to me. Every phone provider will require a credit check. Having no credit does not mean you will fail the credit check. Most phone companies only care if you have bad credit. This is not as big of a deal as something like a loan or mortgage. As others said above, some companies are more understanding of students than others, so one downside of Project Fi is that they might not see you face to face and be able to make an approval. You can minimize the risk by buying the phone outright instead of on a payment plan. If you can't pass Project Fi's credit check for a phone payment plan, you might not pass it at other places either. If you purchase the phone in full from Google and sign up for Project Fi, I think you'll have a much better shot. My friend just moved to the USA a few months ago and got on Project Fi with the Pixel 2 and they were approved without issues. So, if you are interested in the phone and the plan, you should just try and see what happens. Have a document proving income ready and you might need to send it to them. Customer service for Project Fi is amazing. I almost always get instant responses via text message or google chat.
  9. I had Google's Project Fi while I was in the USA and I loved it!! It was hands-down the best phone plan ever for me and my usage. The coverage uses the same towers as T-Mobile and Sprint. I had switched from T-Mobile to Project Fi so it was zero difference for me. I lived in Southern California and got coverage everywhere. But you can check the coverage maps of these two companies to see how it will be for you. -->Actually I did a check and it seems like they added a 3rd company. Here's their coverage map: https://fi.google.com/coverage My partner and I only paid about $55 total per month for both of our plans. It's $20 for the first line (unlimited talk/text in USA) and $15 for family lines. Then we use about 1GB of data each per month ($10 each). I love how you pay for exactly how much you use, e.g. some months it's 800 MB so it's $8 and others it's 1.12GB so it's $11.20. In addition, the international perks of Project Fi is great. In most countries, you get data at no extra charge, even when roaming. So it's still $10 per GB everywhere I went. Voice calls in another country cost around 20 cents per minute, but it depends where you go. Free text messages, I think, in most countries. Wi-fi calling is also free internationally. Finally, I had much faster internet data speeds while traveling (with T-Mobile, I was often limited to 2G or 3G, but on Project Fi I sometimes had full speed). The only catch is that you have to be using a few specific Google devices. When I joined Project Fi, the Nexus 5X was still available and very affordable at $350. But I don't think Google makes a phone for this market any more....everything else is now higher priced like an iPhone or Galaxy.
  10. You could request such a thing but my experience is that most building managers/supers don't really want to spend their time doing this and many of them don't know how to do such a thing. But it will depend a lot on the market. If there are 5+ people viewing each unit, then why would they bother with the virtual tour thing when they can easily rent to someone who will do things the normal way. You said that you were planning on getting an apartment with a roommate---will your roommate arrive in town before you? Maybe they can check it out in person instead. Or, maybe a friendly grad student in your new program would be willing to come see one or two places in person on your behalf. If none of that works and you don't want to take the risk on it not being a real place, you can hire a broker to do this on your behalf. I've not hired such a person before but typically they charge $300 or so per day and they would be willing to do research, call up places and view them all for you if you are going to pay them for all those hours. But some of them would be willing to just spend the day visiting places, taking pictures and sending them to you in a report at the end of the day. It's not cheap, but if having human eyes on a location is critical for you, $300-$500 is definitely a lot cheaper than flying out there yourself and better than losing your security deposit to a scam (or being stuck in a long lease).
  11. Does your field and/or this specific program have some sort of formal or official appeal procedure? This would be very uncommon in my field, and it's actually would be very normal for someone to get a rejection after inquiring about their status. The reason is that most programs would make their interview/short lists and notify those applicants. But they wouldn't automatically notify the rest of the applicants because 1) there are way more of them and 2) it is extra work when they already have a lot of work to schedule and conduct interviews. Most programs wait until they have made final decisions (or maybe even after the accepted students all have made their own decisions) before sending out rejections. However, if an applicant calls or emails about their status, they might be able to give out an earlier decision and let you know that you have been rejected sooner rather than later. They do this as a courtesy, since they are assuming if you are emailing/calling to ask, you might have other offers that you are holding while waiting for their decision. It's much easier to only notify rejections on a as-requested basis until they are ready to send out the mass decisions. So, it's unlikely that your phone call caused you to be rejected (unless you were super rude to them or something) and after taking your call, the person probably took some time to confirm your status and let you know of the decision. Again, perhaps your field has have an appeal procedure. But I just want to let you know that if you tried to do something like: then you will likely be blacklisted for future application seasons. I know of people that have been banned from campus for repeatedly doing things like this. It would be completely inappropriate to plead your appeal case at something like a degree program info session. Even if your program has a formal appeal procedure, then you should definitely follow that instead.
  12. I think you misunderstand the April 15 thing. It is not the deadline for the school to make a decision and it's not even a deadline for students/applicants to make a decision. Instead, due to an agreement between many US graduate programs, it is the **earliest date** that any school can require a student/applicant to make their decision. It is not meant to be a deadline date for you to know about your application decision. In fact, as lewin wrote, there are many offers that don't come out until after April 15. Again, I know it sucks to get a rejection in the middle of May, but it is good that you already had offers well before April 15 it seems. It would be much more stressful and not fun if you had offers from your 2nd choice school before April 15 (and you have an April 15 deadline to decide) while you still have not heard (waitlisted) at your top choice school and you probably won't know about your top choice until after April 15. In that case, you would have to either make a decision without knowing all the information or beg the 2nd choice school to give you more time to decide. It's a flaw with the current system for sure, but there's not really a clear way to resolve it without adding other problems.
  13. You can ask. I know one Canadian program in my field (U Toronto) allocates $1000 to every new student to be used in any combination of flight for open house + moving expenses. It's not meant to cover the whole amount, but it's meant to help you out and recognizes that if you didn't have them pay for a visit, you spared them that expense. Schools might not be willing to do this though because paying for moving expenses is typically an employment benefit and many US schools either purposely try to avoid considering their students as employees or they don't think grad students are "deserving" of these benefits. Or, the money used to fly people out for the visits came from a pool specifically earmarked for "recruiting" and they aren't allowed to use it for any other purpose (pretty common type of bureaucracy).
  14. What do you mean? The NSF GRFP stipend is basically a salary. I don't think the GRFP comes with a research grant or anything like that. You get the stipend as your salary and the school gets up to $12000 to offset your tuition costs. So, you can spend it on whatever you want. Each school will have different policies on how their own funds to support you will change if you hold the NSF GRFP. At my PhD program, the annual stipend for all students was $31,000 in my final year. However, if you hold a NSF GRFP, the NSF GRFP 34,000/year stipend replaces the 31,000 from the program. So you would get nothing from the program---it would all come from NSF. Each field is also different----in my field, a student is never expected to pay for research costs out of their own salary. So we would never use the NSF GRFP to pay for the things you've listed. Maybe if you have a really weird special case where you somehow kept your original department funding and got the $34,000 on top of that...
  15. Wish you the best of luck with moving and finding a place to live. Sounds like you have a great plan. I would just note that it might be worth having a backup plan if the pod doesn't arrive the day you expect it would. During my 2nd move, our pod was 2 weeks delayed. For my 3rd move, it was actually early!
  16. Your instincts are right. Putting someone as a coauthor just to increase citation/paper count is academic dishonesty. It has never happened to me but I have heard of it happening. I can understand why people would want to do this and why it might be tempting. I would personally not accept this "offer". Whether you act further (reporting it to various offices etc.) is up to you. That said, there are certainly many instances in my field where there are many coauthors on a paper and there is a huge range/difference in effort from each co-author. However, there is always some actual real honest contribution from each coauthor, even if it is very small. As I said above, what you do beyond declining is up to you and you are the best judge of the situation since none of us here have context. It's perfectly fine to say it's not your problem as you are also a student and fairly junior in the academic world and walk away after saying no. You could discuss this further with this lab mate to address the problem with their approach. If you think the lab mate is ignorant of what is / isn't ethical then maybe this could be a good approach. You could discuss this with your PI or report it more anonymously to a research ethics office. One thing that some schools have is a tip line / whistleblower policy where you could ask for someone from this office to come and give a presentation during group meeting about academic best practices. If it's a big enough group, people don't have to know it's you and the person you're targeting won't know they are being targeted. Also, when this office comes, they often try to emphasize that they regularly visit groups across campus from time to time, not necessarily because of something that happened. Just some thoughts/examples.
  17. This is common, both inside and outside of academia. Most entities that seek applications rarely notify the people they don't select. There is a difference between grad school applications and a job application, namely, you don't pay to apply to a job, but the department doesn't get the application money although they are the one that set the timeline for decisions. i.e. I am not sure what you mean by "they just want [your] application money". Later on, if you apply to academic jobs, you will not hear anything at all if you don't get the job. Many places wait until the hired person starts before they close the hiring file and the system generates an auto rejection message. For some of my friends, this is years after the job application. Sometimes school does this too and you get a notification when the school year begins in the fall, or over the summer when the school finally closes the previous year's system and starts up the next year. Unless you got very far in the process, you should not expect any notification at all, much less a personalized letter. As for the content, what else is there to say other than you were not accepted. You weren't offering your application up for an evaluation and feedback. The materials submitted are solely for the school to decide if you would be a good fit, so there should be no expectation of anything other than a decision. Yes, it sucks to get a rejection in this way, but it is neither unprofessional nor ridiculous. I got some nicely written rejection letters as well. I don't think I felt any different about those than the ones that just updated an online portal.
  18. Just an addendum about the moving tips above: They are a great fit for me and my partner because we are feel so much better and less stressed out when we maximize preparedness. If you're reading this and don't think it would work for you / would just make your life miserable then don't do it! But my partner and I are super planners and it worked out really well for us.
  19. These are good points. Here are some tips that we found made our lives so much easier with my postdoc move (3rd long distance move). 1. Line up those professional and personal references beforehand. Typically, you need their name, address, phone number, email address and their permission to use them as a reference. When you do submit an application with their name as a reference, give them a heads up. 2. Ask the landlord for a copy of the application form before you see the apartment. Most big renting companies will have forms you can download online even because they use the same form for every application. Fill this form out before you see the apartment so if you want something you can immediately hand them your completed form and write a cheque if necessary. 3. In some rental markets (e.g. the one I just moved to), renting is insanely competitive. We saw a great apartment along with 14 other people/couples (they took us up in 3 groups of five). Almost everyone had an application package ready to be dropped off upon leaving the viewing. In this case, we were all sent the application beforehand and told to do this if we were interested. However, if you were not told, having this ready can show that you are serious about their place and demonstrates responsibility. 4. Have all the details typically needed for an application ready so that you can either fill out a form in person while viewing an apartment if necessary, or that night after seeing apartments so that you can submit it first thing the next business day. You can look at a few forms online to get the gist. Typically, you should know 3-5 years of previous renting and employment history. Know the addresses and contact information. Remind yourself of the previous rents you paid. Have copies of your pay stubs, bank accounts, credit history report, etc. 5. I basically made a "renter's CV" that was partly cheat sheet for me to fill out these forms, but also something I gave to potential landlords if I was interested. My partner and I also made a short cover letter (with our photos, description of our work / what we are looking for / why we would be good tenants etc.). One landlord we met was so impressed with it that after meeting him, he sent an email saying if we were interested, he'd take $100/month off our rent because he thought we would be great tenants and would rather make less money from a reliable/responsible tenant. That was a great offer but we had just signed and paid the deposit on what was our definite #1 choice (after 4 days and 12 viewings). The last thing isn't really necessary in most places. I learned the tip from people trying to rent in the Bay Area. The place I moved to isn't Bay Area level craziness, but it has a 0.5% vacancy rate for rentals and although we saw 12 places, we actually had about 15 appointments but 3 of them called us just minutes before we were going to drive to them to say that the person that just saw the apartment decided to take it. Almost every person we called told us that there were tons of other people viewing too. So, for our case tip #5 wasn't overkill but I think it was not commonly done so it was still impressive. It might be too much for a much slower rental market. If you know you will be in a situation where you won't have furniture right away, one thing that worked well for us was to buy an air mattress (spring for one with a pump you can plug into a wall, usually $50-$100 instead of $10-$30) and take that with you when you move yourself physically. If you're driving, they fit really well. If you're flying, you may even be able to compress it enough to count as carryon (we did this) or you can check it as luggage. This will give you time to find and buy a mattress and bedframe. Most mattress places will deliver quite quickly though, so if you're buying a new bed and mattress when you arrive, this may not be necessary.
  20. Actually, not every university has the policy like yours ("report any plagiarism no matter how severe"). Many schools, including my previous ones, believe that this zero-tolerance approach just encourages people to hide plagiarism much worse than your hypothetical case since the consequences are so severe and usually not proportional to the severity of plagiarism. This suggests that many profs will probably not report cases like yours if they come across it. So the answer to your final question is yes, I am willing to bet many profs won't report what you have described because they will probably make the determination themselves that it is not an issue. (Also, you should not assume that the professors of a university actually knows all of the relevant policies that govern them. I'm not saying this is a good thing or an ideal situation, but it's the truth.)
  21. I second everything @maxhgns says about publishing in lower impact / less competitive journals!
  22. I'd second the advice to take the time to recharge before grad school. But if you really want to do something over the summer, I think it's better to use this time for getting ahead on research instead of classes. When the semester begins, you'll find that classes expand to take up as much time as you will let it. The only way I was able to carve out time for research during my coursework years was to set a time limit on how much time to devote to classes and learn to submit imperfect homework. So, depending on how your program matches you up with thesis advisors, maybe talk to professors that you would be interested in working with instead. You might even be able to arrange for a summer RAship so you can start funded/paid work in the weeks/months before the term. I find that the first few weeks/months in a new project benefits the most from having a full 40 hour work week to devote to reading and new research. It's really hard (for me) to kick off a new project with only 10 hours a week because there are classes going on too. This advice doesn't apply if your program doesn't have students begin research until the first summer or 2nd year. In addition, another exception may be if you come from a non-physics background or have some missing courses (or did poorly in some important areas as an undergrad) so you want to ensure you have the right foundations for the qualifying exam.
  23. I enrolled on a monthly plan with T-Mobile when I first entered the USA. They asked for proof of F-1 or J-1 status (I-20 or DS-2019, respectively) and used that to open an account for me even with no credit history in the US. No credit is not that bad....for things like cell phone and utilities, bad credit is what they're looking for. However, for internet with AT&T and my city's water & power (utilities), they asked for a several hundred dollar deposit. In AT&T's case, it was applied against my first few bills (so you just have to pay a bit up front) but for the city's utilities the deposit was only refunded when I finally closed my account (without interest either boo! ? )
  24. If you're asking, here are the reasons I would give to sway someone against publishing in a predatory journal: 1. You are being scammed. You are paying money for something that is objectively worthless. There is a reason they are predatory journals, not just low impact factor journals. 2. Putting legitimate work into these scam journals helps to legitimize these scam journals. It might lead to other honest researchers thinking that this journal is more legitimate and consider them. People who choose to publish in these predatory journals anyways is part of the reason why it's not always unambiguous that a journal is a scam. 3. These journals have little peer review, or it's just a joke. Putting your work there and then passing it off as a "real" journal article is unethical. 4. If you want to put some low impact work online for others to see, there are other ways you can do this for free or for a very low cost, through legitimate and easy means. For example, in my field, there is a no fee, no peer review (other than editorial review) journal for "research notes" that are for things like null results or partial analysis that can't be completed but would be useful to share. 5. If you are knowingly spending grant money on publishing charges of predatory journals, then you are wasting the grantor's money (whether it's a private fund or tax dollars). I think this is also unethical/irresponsible use of granted money.
  25. Adding to the above, although the journal I submit to still says a letterhead is required, my advisor told me it doesn't matter. So for one paper, I tried not submitting one and voila, no problems. With a few exceptions (e.g. what @maxhgns said) I do think they are mostly formalities. I mean, everyone is basically saying "here's my paper, hope you think it's great, please accept it". I do include cover letters for a referee report though. As for letterhead or not, I agree that it is not necessary to have letterhead. However, even as an undergraduate, I used my work address for everything. All of my work as a scientist was in some employed role, it's not like I am doing this on my own free time. So work address and contact info in all cases. You shouldn't get any physical letters so if you are worried that they will send something to a physical mailbox you don't regularly check, it shouldn't be a big deal.
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