I would suggest the following memoir by Charles Hartshorne, the famous process philosopher/theologian:
The Darkness and the Light: A Philosopher Reflects Upon His Fortunate Career and Those Who Made It Possible (1990)
ISBN: 0-7914-0337-8 or 0-7914-0338-6 (pbk.)
Haverford College (1915-17)
WW I (1917-19)
Harvard & European Post-Docs (1919-23)
Teaching:
University of Chicago (1928-1955)
Emory University (1955-1962)
U of Texas, Austin (1962 - 1978 full time) (1979 - 1997 part time)
Last published work at 100. Died at 103 years of age.
At least this would provide a single person's perspective during the period you are concerned with.